Theory Mastery

RVV 1990 art. 31: hazard warning lights

Official text on wetten.overheid.nl

Hazard warning lights may only be used for a vehicle that poses a danger after a breakdown or accident, to warn of an unexpected queue, or when towing.

Source: RVV 1990 art. 31 · checked 2026-10-23

How the exam asks it

About Leaving the scene of an accident is a criminal offence — and the PAMAN order: which statement is WRONG?

  1. The prohibition applies to death, injury OR damage.
  2. The book names location, situation, number of vehicles and number of injured — a driving licence number is nowhere named as required 112 information.
  3. When calling 112 it is enough to say there has been an accident; the exact location and number of injured can follow later.
  4. For exactly this case the book gives a concrete duty: leave your contact details at the damaged vehicle and inform the police. 'That is mandatory'.
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Correct answer: When calling 112 it is enough to say there has been an accident; the exact location and number of injured can follow later.

You describe as exactly as possible where you are, what happened, how many vehicles are involved and how many (seriously) injured there are — 'that way the right services arrive fastest'

Why learners get this wrong: Leaving the scene of an accident is only an offence if there are injuries; with sheet-metal damage only, you may just drive off.

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About First aid at an accident — recovery position, CPR and AED: which statement is correct?

  1. You can use an AED as an untrained bystander; the device tells you exactly what to do via spoken instructions.
  2. For every unconscious victim you put them in the recovery position, even if they are not breathing.
  3. If a victim is not breathing, it is better to wait for the ambulance than to start CPR yourself, because you haven't taken a course.
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Correct answer: You can use an AED as an untrained bystander; the device tells you exactly what to do via spoken instructions.

You can use an AED as an untrained bystander; the device tells you exactly what to do via spoken instructions

Why learners get this wrong: For every unconscious victim you put them in the recovery position, even if they are not breathing.

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About Car in water — the complete escape sequence: which statement is WRONG?

  1. Do not try to smash the windscreen, it is extra strong and therefore almost unbreakable.
  2. If the side window fails, wait until the car has mostly sunk; then the pressure inside and outside is equal and the door opens by itself.
  3. Swim away facing the car at first; only once at a safe distance from the vehicle do you turn around.
  4. If your car ends up in the water, the very first thing you do is undo your seatbelt.
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Correct answer: If your car ends up in the water, the very first thing you do is undo your seatbelt.

Step 1 is lights on: switch on interior and exterior lights for orientation and visibility to rescuers. Only step 2 is the seatbelt

Why learners get this wrong: In a car in water, you are best off smashing the windscreen — it is the biggest and easiest to reach.

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